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A
| Anemia |
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| A reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells or in the quantity of hemoglobin. |
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| Anopheles |
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| A genus of mosquito, some species of which can transmit human malaria |
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| Anorexia |
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| Lack of appetite, lack of desire or interest in food. |
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| Anthropophilic |
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| Anthropophilic mosquitoes are mosquitoes that prefer to take blood meals on humans. |
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| Antibiotic |
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| Antimicrobial agent made from a mold or a bacterium that kills or slows the growth of other microbes, specifically bacteria. Example: penicillin. |
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| Antibody |
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| A specialized serum protein (immunoglobulin or gamma globulin) produced by B lymphocytes in the blood in response to an exposure to foreign proteins ("antigens"). The antibodies specifically bind to the antigens that induced the immune response. Antibodies help defend the body against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses or parasites. |
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| Antigen |
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| Any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies. Antigens are often foreign substances such as invading bacteria, viruses or parasites |
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| Antimicrobial agents |
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| The drugs, chemicals, or other substances that kill or slow the growth of microbes. They include antibacterial drugs (which kill bacteria), antiviral agents (which kill viruses), antifungal agents (which kill fungi), and antiparasitic drugs (which kill parasites). |
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| Antimicrobial resistance |
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| Antimicrobial resistance is the result of microbes changing in ways that reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents to cure or prevent infections. |
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| Aralen |
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| A brand name for chloroquine phosphate. |
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| Artemisinin |
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| A drug used against malaria, derived from the Qinghao plant, Artemisia annua L. |
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| Atovaquone |
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| A drug used against malaria. It is found in the combination atovaquone-proguanil. Autochthonous: Malaria transmitted by mosquitoes. Autochthonous malaria can be indigenous (in a geographic area where malaria occurs regularly) or introduced (in a geographic area where malaria does not occur regularly). |
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B
| Bacteria |
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| (singular: Bacterium) Single-celled organisms that are found throughout nature and can be beneficial or cause disease. |
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| B-cell (B-lymphocyte) |
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| White blood cells of the immune system that are derived from the bone marrow and spleen. B cells develop into plasma cells, which produce antibodies |
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C
| Carbamate |
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| A chemical product used as an insecticide. |
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| Cerebral malaria |
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| A complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in which infected red blood cells obstruct blood circulation in the small blood vessels in the brain. When cerebral malaria is present, the disease is classified as severe malaria. |
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| Chemoprophylaxis |
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| Taking antimalarial drugs to prevent the disease. |
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| Chloroquine |
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| A drug used against malaria. A very safe and inexpensive drug, its value has been compromised by the emergence of chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites |
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| Cinchonism |
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| Side effects from quinine or quinidine. Includes tinnitus, headache, nausea, diarrhea, altered auditory acuity, and blurred vision. The term derives from cinchona bark, the natural source of quinine. |
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| Clinical cure |
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| Elimination of malaria symptoms, sometimes without eliminating all parasites. |
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| Coma |
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| A decreased state of consciousness from which a person cannot be roused. |
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| Congenital malaria |
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| Malaria in a newborn or infant, transmitted from the mother at birth |
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| Cryptic |
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| A case of malaria where epidemiologic investigations fail to identify an apparent mode of acquisition (this term applies mainly to cases found in non-endemic countries). |
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